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    • Is it true that 3G IVF affects the quality of blastocysts?

    2025-03-11

    Blastocyst is the ultimate stage of in vitro embryo culture and the stage at which human embryos are implanted into the mother. Blastocysts are more mature than cleavage stage embryos and are better suited to grow in the uterine environment.　　In case of third generation IVF, when the blastocysts are ready, the doctor will need to biopsy the embryos in order to select good quality genetic embryos, which will increase the patient’s chances of conception, improve the live birth rate, reduce the risk of multiple pregnancies, and save the cost and time of IVF. 　　Many people will have this question: the embryos are already very fragile, and if some of them are taken out for testing, will it cause any harm to the embryos?　　Will PGD/PGS affect the quality of blastocysts?　　First of all, we need to know that embryo biopsy is to check where the embryo is? Blastocyst, i.e. the embryo formed by the fertilised egg when it develops to 5~6 days, consists of inner cell mass, blastocyst cavity and trophoblast ectoderm.　　①Endocell mass, a compact mass of cells, this is the part that will develop into the main body of the foetus in the future;　　(ii) Trophoblast, the circle of cells surrounding the blastocyst, which is the part that will develop into the placenta;　　(iii) Blastocyst cavity, the blastocyst has an expanded cavity called the blastocyst cavity;　　On the 5th and 6th day of blastocyst, the number of cells in the embryo has increased significantly and can reach more than 100.　　While biopsy is a microscopic extraction of 1-2 trophoblast cells for genetic screening.　　Since the endoderm cells (which will develop the foetus in the future) are not touched, this is to avoid damaging the quality of the blastocyst.　　All blastocysts will be frozen and stored during the embryo delivery period until the chromosome results are available and…

    Obesity on In Vitro Fertility

    The Impact of Obesity on In Vitro Fertility

    2025-03-11

    Introduction: Fertility Challenges in a Global Obesity Crisis When Emily first walked into the fertility center, her doctor frowned at her BMI (32.6 kg/m²). This 32-year-old American woman had been trying to conceive naturally for two years, with hormone tests showing an AMH of 0.7 ng/mL and her ovarian reserve on the verge of failure.Emily’s case is not an isolated one – the global population of overweight people has surpassed 2 billion, with obesity rates in the childbearing age group increasing by 40% over the past decade. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies obesity as “the greatest public health challenge of the 21st century”, and its devastating impact on fertility is rewriting the destiny of countless families. I. How obesity dismantles the cornerstone of fertility 1.1 Domino effect of the endocrine system Adipose tissue is not an inert energy storage organ, but an active endocrine factory. Overweight people are often caught in the following vicious circle: Leptin resistance: fat cells overproduce leptin, desensitizing hypothalamic receptors and inhibiting GnRH pulses, leading to ovulation disorders.Insulin resistance: Hyperinsulinemia directly stimulates ovarian androgen synthesis, triggering polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is comorbid with obesity in about 70% of PCOS patients.Chronic inflammation: Elevated adipokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6) disrupt the microenvironment of follicular fluid, decreasing egg quality by 34%.Data support: women with BMI >30 have a 47% lower rate of spontaneous pregnancy than normal weight individuals, and a 28% decrease in in vitro fertilization (IVF) live birth rate. 1.2 Invisible killers of male fertility Deterioration of sperm parameters: obese men have an average 25% increase in sperm DNA fragmentation (DFI) and a 30% decrease in motility.Suppression of gonadal function: Adipose tissue aromatase converts androgens to estrogens and inhibits testosterone synthesis, leading to a 3-fold increased risk of erectile dysfunction.Case: John, 38 years old, BMI 35.2, semen…

    Basic guidelines for safe and effective calcium supplementation during pregnancy

    2025-03-10

    Introduction Calcium is a cornerstone nutrient during pregnancy, critical for fetal bone development and maternal health. Despite its importance, studies reveal that over 50% of pregnant women fail to meet recommended calcium intakes, often due to misconceptions about dietary sources and supplementation. This comprehensive guide clarifies how to optimize calcium intake, avoid common pitfalls, and ensure both mother and baby thrive. Section 1: Why Calcium Matters in Pregnancy 1.1 Physiological Demands of Pregnancy 1.2 Global Recommendations Organization Daily Calcium Intake (mg) WHO 1,200–1,500 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) 1,000–1,300 UK NHS 700 (increase to 1,200 for at-risk groups) Section 2: Signs and Consequences of Calcium Deficiency 2.1 Maternal Symptoms 2.2 Fetal and Neonatal Risks Section 3: Dietary vs. Supplemental Calcium – What Works? 3.1 Food Sources: Beyond Bone Broth Myths 3.2 When Supplements Are Necessary Section 4: Optimizing Calcium Absorption 4.1 The Vitamin D Connection 4.2 Timing and Interactions Section 5: Avoiding Over-Supplementation Risks 5.1 Hypercalcemia Warning Signs 5.2 Monitoring Protocols Section 6: Cultural and Regional Considerations 6.1 Global Dietary Practices 6.2 Case Study: Addressing Deficiencies in Diverse Populations Section 7: Practical Meal Planning Strategies 7.1 Daily Intake Breakdown Meal Calcium-Rich Foods Total Calcium (mg) Breakfast Greek yogurt + chia seeds 400 Lunch Kale salad with almonds 300 Dinner Salmon with bok choy 250 Snacks Fortified cereal bar 150 Total 1,100 7.2 Recipes for Optimal Absorption Section 8: Frequently Asked Questions Q: Can I get enough calcium from diet alone? A: Possible with meticulous planning, but 60% of pregnant women require supplements to meet targets. Q: Do calcium supplements cause constipation? A: Citrate forms are gentler; pairing with magnesium (100–200 mg/day) alleviates this issue. Q: Is coral calcium safe? A: No – FDA warns against potential lead contamination in marine-derived supplements. Conclusion Strategic calcium management during pregnancy involves…

    G-CSF therapy to boost AMH: rewriting the advanced fertility dilemma

    2025-03-10

    Introduction: An ice-breaking discovery in the global aging fertility dilemma At a time when the global natural pregnancy rate of women over 40 years old is less than 5%, a groundbreaking clinical study in Japan has brought light to the group with declining ovarian function. The study found that two consecutive luteal phase injections of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle increased serum AMH levels by an average of 63% and increased the cumulative live birth rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF) from 14% to 32%. This discovery not only overturns the traditional perception of ovarian aging, but also may reshape the landscape of assisted reproduction treatment. I.A Scientific Breakthrough Inspired by Accident: From Endometrial Repair to Ovarian Recovery Initial application scenario: G-CSF was originally used to improve the embryo implantation rate in patients with thin endometrium, but it triggered an unexpected harvest in 10 patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) – 3 cases became pregnant naturally within 2 months after treatment, including a 45-year-old twin pregnancy.Animal model validation: Rat experiments showed a 40% increase in the number of primordial follicles and a 55% decrease in apoptosis in the G-CSF treatment group, confirming its regenerative potential on ovarian reserve. Study architecture: 100 elderly women (mean age 39.5 years) with AMH <1.1 ng/ml were randomized into a G-CSF group (50 cases) versus a control group (50 cases).Intervention program:G-CSF group: 300 μg G-CSF was injected subcutaneously on day 21 of the menstrual cycle for 2 consecutive cycles.Control group: standard IVF regimen without additional intervention. II.the data shock: the efficacy far exceeds the expected all-round improvement norm G-CSF group (n=45) Control group (n=44) Enhancement Change in AMH levels +63% -12% 75%↑ Number of eggs acquired/cycle 6.2 5.1 22%↑ blastocyst formation rate 57% 29% 97%↑ Cumulative live birth…

    follicular dysplasia

    2025 Efficient solutions for recurrent miscarriages due to follicular dysplasia

    2025-03-10

    Introduction: The Underestimated Fertility Threat When Emily had her third miscarriage, her doctor told her, “Your problem is not repeated miscarriages, but difficulty getting pregnant at all.” Data shows that 86.17% of infertile women suffer from follicular dysplasia, while 73.2% of spontaneous miscarriage patients suffer from the same problem. The quality of follicles not only determines the chances of conception, but also affects the health of embryos – this invisible killer is quietly destroying the fertility hopes of countless families. I. Clinical signs of follicular dysplasia 1.1 Gold standard of normal follicles Mature follicles should have the following characteristics: Morphology: full round or oval shape, 18-22mm in diameter, thin and clear inner wall.Functionality: accompanied by clear, pulpy cervical mucus and an estrogen (E2) level of 200-300 pg/mL. 1.2 Four major types of abnormal follicles Follicular hypoplasia: <18 mm in diameter, common in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Follicular malformation: irregular morphology, low turgor, and growth rate <1mm/day. Follicular stagnation: development stops at <14mm in diameter, most commonly seen in premature ovarian failure. Follicular atresia: diameter >22mm but no ovulation, luteinizing hormone (LH) peak is absent. Data Support: Follicles <12.5mm in diameter have difficulty forming good quality blastocysts (Fertility and Sterility, 2020). Clinical pregnancy rates for follicles 19-22mm in diameter are 31.5%, while pregnancy rates drop to 28% for >22mm. II. Breakthrough research: new perspectives on follicular dysplasia 2.1 Metabolic catastrophe of high-fat diet Animal experiments reveal: High fat group vs normal group: 40% increase in malformed follicles and 55% increase in abnormal luteal function in mice on high fat diet.Hormonal disruption: testosterone (T) levels were elevated by 30%, and estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) decreased by 25%, directly inhibiting follicular maturation.Inflammation and oxidative stress: serum IL-6 and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels are elevated 2-fold, impairing oocyte mitochondrial function.Clinical revelation: weight…

    No need to spend money, no needles and no drugs, this is the easiest way to improve mitochondria I have ever heard of!

    2025-03-10

    　　　”Women of advanced maternal age encounter significant challenges in achieving pregnancy and exhibit an elevated risk of chromosomal abnormalities in their embryos, which is fundamentally attributable to age-related mitochondrial dysfunction.”　　Mitochondria are no strangers to our circle of sisters, how to improve is also a sea of eight immortals show their skills, such as the use of coenzyme Q10, there are playing growth hormone, there is the use of DHEA, as well as see the Chinese medicine to eat Chinese medicine.　　Of course, there are also research on dietary adjustments, physical exercise, psychological adjustment ……　　All of these are the right way to improve your mitochondria, but there is a way that is simpler than all of these, and also more effective, and most importantly costs nothing.　　That is sleep, a good night’s sleep, a good night’s sleep!　　01 Sleep promotes mitochondrial renewal and repair　　The research team of the Department of Neuroscience of the University of Pennsylvania published a research article in February this year in the journal nature, confirming that sleep is crucial for the renewal and repair of mitochondria.　　Mitochondria are the ‘energy factories’ in the cell, mainly responsible for converting nutrients into energy (ATP), in order to supply the needs of various physiological activities of the cell.　　Under normal conditions, the metabolic activities of mitochondria will inevitably generate free radicals, but under moderate conditions, the intracellular antioxidant system can remove these free radicals.　　However, as mitochondrial function declines, the accumulation of free radicals leads to oxidative stress and cellular damage.　　In this study, researchers subjected Drosophila to sleep deprivation and found that this led to a significant increase in oxidation of mitochondria in glial cells.　　She not only examines the speed and strength of the sperm, but also assesses their genetic quality.　　The follicular fluid not only attracts sperm, but also specifically selects them.　　This means that even though…

    Should You Continue IVF with Poor Ovarian Response?

    2025-03-08

    Introduction Navigating IVF treatment can be emotionally and physically challenging, especially when faced with suboptimal ovarian response. Studies indicate that 15–30% of IVF cycles experience poor follicular development, often leading to difficult decisions about continuing treatment. This article examines the causes of inadequate ovulation outcomes, evidence-based solutions, and critical factors to consider when deciding whether to proceed with IVF. Section 1: Why Do Some IVF Cycles Have Poor Ovarian Response? 1.1 Age and Ovarian Reserve Decline A woman’s age is the strongest predictor of ovarian response. 1.2 Protocol Suitability Standard IVF protocols may not address individual hormonal profiles. 1.3 Psychological Stress and Hormonal Disruption Chronic stress elevates cortisol, which suppresses GnRH secretion and disrupts follicle development. Section 2: Key Decision Points – To Continue or Stop the Cycle? 2.1 Evaluating Cycle Cancellation Criteria Clinicians typically recommend cancellation when: 2.2 Case Studies: When Persistence Pays Off 2.3 Statistical Probabilities by Age Age Group Eggs Retrieved Live Birth Rate per Cycle <35 ≥8 40–50% 35–37 5–7 30–35% 38–40 3–4 15–20% >40 ≤2 5–8% Section 3: Optimizing Poor Responders – Advanced Medical Strategies 3.1 Adjuvant Medications 3.2 Laboratory Innovations 3.3 Alternative Protocols Protocol Mechanism Ideal Candidates DuoStim Two stimulations per cycle DOR, time-sensitive cases Natural Cycle No stimulation, single egg retrieval Low responders avoiding meds PPOS Progesterone prevents ovulation High LH sensitivity Section 4: Managing Risks – OHSS Prevention 4.1 Early Warning Signs 4.2 Preventive Measures Section 5: Psychological and Lifestyle Interventions 5.1 Stress-Reduction Techniques 5.2 Nutritional Support Section 6: Frequently Asked Questions Q: Can changing clinics improve outcomes? Possibly. Seek centers with: Q: How many failed cycles warrant stopping IVF? Most experts recommend reevaluating after 3–4 unsuccessful cycles with euploid embryos. Q: Does poor response predict future cycles? Not always. Adjusting protocols and adding adjuvants can reset outcomes. Conclusion Continuing IVF with…

    Does IVF Ovulation Promotion Harm the Body?

    2025-03-08

    　　　　Does multiple ovulation induction for IVF cause great harm to the body? In the process of IVF treatment, in order to get more eggs to increase the chance of pregnancy, except for the natural cycle, generally women have to take medication to promote ovulation. However, for many women whose ovarian function is not very good, the number of ovulated follicles is small, and the chance of success of IVF is greatly reduced, so it is inevitable that they will go through the experience of repeated ovulation. So, is it harmful to the body to do IVF ovulation several times? 　　1. Will the use of ovulation induction drugs lead to premature ovarian failure?　　The number of eggs in each woman’s body is limited. Normal women will get 8-10 eggs in each ovulation cycle, and the number of eggs in each woman’s body is limited, so some women cannot help worrying about whether retrieving so many eggs will lead to premature ovarian failure.　　The truth is that in the natural state every woman will have one egg to develop and mature, and the remaining follicles will atresia and apoptosis. Ovulation promotion is the use of a menstrual cycle in which all follicles have the potential to develop, given enough drugs to stimulate the development of most follicles at the same time, just a ‘waste use’ process, will not cause premature ovarian failure.　　2. Will I gain weight after ovulation induction?　　Generally, there is no significant change in body weight after ovulation induction, but there are people who do gain weight, which is mainly due to the fact that the level of oestrogen in women’s bodies after IVF ovulation induction treatment increases compared with the natural cycle, which makes water retained in the body, thus leading to weight gain or oedema. However, as the medication is metabolised,…

    9 indicators to measure the quality of semen, come to see if your sperm is okay?

    2025-03-08

    　 In the process of pre-marriage, pre-pregnancy examination and male infertility diagnosis and treatment, routine semen examination is one of the indispensable items, which can reflect the quality of men’s semen as a whole.　　Liquefaction　　If the semen does not liquefy for more than one hour, it is called non-liquefaction of semen. In this case, the sperms cannot swim normally, often leading to reduced fertility.　　Sperm DNA Fragmentation　　The importance of DNA as a key carrier of human genetic information cannot be overstated. The integrity of the genetic material is obviously crucial for a successful pregnancy and the health of the offspring, and the degree of DNA fragmentation reflects the functionality of the sperm genetic material. 　　Sperm Viability　　Sperm viability is the ability of sperm to move forward. Sperm must continuously swim forward in order to meet and unite with the egg, and ultimately impregnate the woman. Therefore, there is a need to focus on sperm motility. Some men with weak spermatozoa have too few sperm swimming forward in their semen and poor motility, which can seriously affect normal pregnancy preparation.　　pH　　Normal semen is weakly alkaline pH 7.2-8.0 to help neutralise acidic vaginal secretions. A pH less than 7 or more than 8 can affect sperm motility and metabolism, which is not conducive to conception.　　Sperm morphology analysis　　It is to observe the morphology of sperms after special staining of sperms. The result is often described as the proportion of normal morphology sperms and the proportion of abnormal sperms, which to a certain extent reflects the ability of sperms to fertilise the oocyte, and sperm-egg union to form a fertilised egg.　　Semen volume　　The volume of spermatozoa in a normal male of childbearing age is generally 2-6 ml per discharge, and the volume of spermatozoa is closely related to the frequency of spermatozoa discharge.　　Sperm Density and Total Sperm Count　　Sperm density,…

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